Energy Limits in Current A/D Converter Architectures Driven by ever-increasing application demands, the energy expended per A/D conversion has been reduced substantially over the last decade. This presentation will survey the most recent trends and will investigate energy limits as they apply to A/D converter architectures commonly employed in fine-line CMOS technology (Flash, Pipeline, SAR and Oversampling Converters). Through this analysis, opportunities for further improvements will be identified and discussed in detail, specifically emphasizing the impact of technology scaling.