ADVANCES IN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 3, February 2005

A quarterly news service of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society

Editor: Martin Hasler VP Technical Activities

 

CONTENTS

 

1. Nanoscale Devices and System Architecture for Biomedical Applications

2. High Content Image Analysis for Multidimensional Drug Profiling

3. Distributed video coding

4. Multiple-CNN (cellular neural networks) Integrated Neural System

5. A general Method to Predict the Amplitude of Oscillation in Nearly-Sinusoidal Oscillators

6. Biochemical Sensors

7. Event Driven Image Sensor Read-Out

8. Scalable Video Coding: Part 13 of MPEG-21 Standard and Amendment of the H.264/AVC Standard

9. Connected home

 

 

 

1. Nanoscale Devices and System Architecture for Biomedical Applications

 

Description by Jie Chen, Joe Mundy and Iris Bahar: It is expected that nanoscale system will confront devices and interconnections with high inherent defect rates, which motivates the search for new device paradigms. We proposed probabilistic-based design methodologies for designing nanoscale devices and system architecture based on Markov Random Fields (MRF). The MRF can express arbitrary logic circuits and logic operation is achieved by maximizing the probability of state configurations in the logic network.

 

Reference: I. R. Bahar, J. Chen, and J. Mundy, "A   Probabilistic-based design  for nanoscale  computation", in Nano, Quantum and Molecular Computing: Implications to High Level Design and Validation, Shukla, Sandeep K.; Bahar, R. Iris (Eds.), Kluwer  Academic Publishers (2004).

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Life-Science Systems and Applications

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2. High Content Image Analysis for Multidimensional Drug Profiling

 

Description by Stephen Wong:  A new data-intensive method to describe cell population responses to drugs or RNA interferences using automated florescence microscopy. In the experiment, 93 descriptors for cell responses were used that generated 600’000 images, leading to 1 billion data points that are used to categorize drugs. This suggests a new approach in applying signal processing algorithms and methods to study cellomics, beyond genomics and proteomics.

 

Reference: Zachary Perlman, Michael Slack, Yan Feng, Timothy Mitchison, Lani Wu, and Steven Altschuler, Multidimensional Drug Profiling By Automated Microscopy, Science, Vol 306, Issue 5699, 1194-1198 , 12 November 2004.

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Life-Science Systems and Applications

 

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3. Distributed video coding

 

Description by Enrico Magli: Distributed video coding is a novel compression paradigm that reverses the traditional complex encoder and light decoder structure, allowing for a light encoder and a complex decoder. This is useful in many applications, e.g. wireless, and is obtained by applying distributed source coding to video sequences. Intraframe encoding also provides improved error resilience.

 

Reference: B. Girod, A.M. Aaron, S. Rane, D. Rebollo-Monedero, "Distributed video coding", Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 93, n. 1, pp. 71-83,  Jan. 2005.

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Multimedia Systems and Applications

 

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4. Multiple-CNN (cellular neural networks) Integrated Neural System

 

Description by Bing Sheu:  A method for automatically constructing a set of CNN’s (cellular neural networks) working in parallel is proposed. It is realized as an integrated neural system in the form of a recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFCNN). It can automatically and simultaneously learn its proper network structure and its parameters (templates). Complex problems such as real-world defect detection problems can be solved by it.

 

Reference: Chin-Teng Lin, Chun-Lung Chang, Wen-Chang Cheng, “A recurrent fuzzy cellular neural network system with automatic structure and template learning,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems --- Part I, pp. 1024 – 1035, May 2004.

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Neural Systems and Applications

 

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5. A general Method to Predict the Amplitude of Oscillation in Nearly-Sinusoidal Oscillators

 

Description by Gian Mario Maggio: A general methodology for predicting the amplitude of oscillation in nearly-sinusoidal oscillators is presented. The method relies on the projection technique for the computation of the center manifold, and on the Hopf normal form theory to approximate the corresponding limit cycle in state space. This allows deriving a closed-form expression for the amplitude of oscillation, as a function of the system parameters.

 

Reference:  G.M.Maggio, O.De Feo, M.P.Kennedy, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, Vol. 51, Nb. 8, pp. 1586-95, Aug. 2004.

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Nonlinear Circuits and Systems

 

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6. Biochemical Sensors

 

Description by Sheng-Fu Liang: A light-sensitive CMOS chip was developed for measuring biochemical reactions. A light producing enzymatic reaction was designed to determine the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Results were confirmed by measurements by a standard sophisticated fluorometer of a biochemical laboratory. The result points to an important application of the CMOS chip in biological measurements and in diagnosis of various health factors.

 

Reference: Ude Lu, Ben C.-P. Hu, Yu-Chuan Shih, Yuh-Shyong Yang, Chung-Yu Wu, Chiun-Jye Yuan, Ming-Dou Ker, Tung-Kung Wu, Yaw-Kuen Li, You-Zung Hsieh, Wensyang Hsu, and Chin-Teng Lin, “CMOS Chip as Luminescent Sensor for Biochemical Reactions,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 310-316, June, 2003.

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Nanoelectronics and Giga-scale Systems

 

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7. Event Driven Image Sensor Read-Out

 

Description by Philipp Hafliger: A number of recent publications explore a bio-inspired event-based communication protocol to convey image data from imager chips: Instead of clock driven sequential scanning through the image frame and sampling of analog pixel-values (as is most common today), pixels create events (as retinal ganglion cells in the eye send voltage pulse-events) on an asynchronous digital bus by sending their coordinates. The pixel illuminations can be encoded in different ways: by message frequency (2,5), by event delay (3), using temporal differentiation (1,4) or change detection (5).

 

References:

1. J. Kramer, "An On/Off Transient Imager with Event-Driven, Asynchronous Read-Out", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2002, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp 165-168 (sorry, no link on Xplore)

2. E. Culurciello and R. Etienne-Cummings and K. Boahen, "A Biomorphic Digital Image Sensor", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 2, pp 281-294, February 2003

3. X. Qi, X. Guo and J.G. Harris, "A Time-to-First Spike CMOS Imager", Proc. of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2004, Vancouver, Canada, pp 824-827

4. P. Lichtensteiner, T. Delbrück and J. Kramer, "Improved On/Off Temporally Differentiating Address-Event Imager", Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems 2004, Tel-Aviv, Israel, (sorry, no link on Xplore, yet)

5. M. Azadmehr, J. Abrahamsen and P. Häfliger, "A Foveated AER Imager Chip", Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Electronics 2005, Kobe, Japan, to appear

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Neural Systems and Applications

 

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8. Scalable Video Coding: Part 13 of MPEG-21 Standard and Amendment of the H.264/AVC Standard

 

Description by Tihao Chiang: To support clients with diverse capabilities in complexity, bandwidth, power and display resolution, the MPEG committee is defining a novel scalable video coding (SVC) framework that can simultaneously support multiple spatial, temporal and SNR resolutions under the constraints of low complexity and low delay. SVC is based on the newly adopted H.264/AVC video standard and motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) technology.

 

Reference:  J.-R. Ohm, “Advances in Scalable Video Coding”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 93, Issue 1, pp. 42-56, Jan. 2005.

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Visual Signal Processing and Communications.

 

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9. Connected Home

 

Description by Magdy Bayoumi: Connectivity has become the driving force in our life; work, home, and leisure. This connectivity should be anywhere....anytime. One of the emphases in a connected home is the reliability of connectivity. Several technologies have been developed for fault diagnosis and fault tolerance in the connected home.

 

Reference: P. Utton and E. Scharf, "A Fault Diagnosis System for the Connected Home", IEEE Comm. Magazine, pp.128-134, Nov. 2004.

 

Communicated by the Technical Committee on Circuits and Systems for communications.

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