GUIDELINES FOR MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION THE FINAL VERSION OF THE PAPER IN THE CAMERA READY FORMAT CANNOT EXCEED 8 PAGES. NO EXCEPTION IS ALLOWED. ALL MANUSCRIPTS MUST BE IN ENGLISH. DO NOT NUMBER THE PAGES OF YOUR MANUSCRIPT. DO NOT INTRODUCE HEADERS OR FOOTERS. Hypenation is not recommended. FORMATTING YOUR PAPER. All text must be in a two-column format. The total allowable width of the text area is 7.1 inches (18 cm) wide by 9 inches (22.9 cm) high. Columns are to be 3.45 inches (8.75 cm) wide, with a 0.2 inch (0.5 cm) space between them. In your word processor, SET THE PAPER FORMAT TO US LETTER (8.5x11 inches paper) before formatting your manuscript. (The following page formatting instructions refers to US Letter paper). Using a4 paper format in your word processor will lead to a file that cannot be used for the proceedings since some text will be cut off. The left and right margins are 0.7 inches (1.8 cm). The top and the bottom margins are 1 inch (2.5 cm). TYPE-STYLE AND FONTS. Wherever Times is specified, Times Roman may also be used. If neither is available on your word processor, please use the font closest in appearance to Times that you have access to. CONFERENCE NAME. The conference title must be placed on top of the first page, at 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) from the top margin, in the left corner. The conference title should be in Times 8-point, normal type. It must be exactly typed as follows: IEEE PES PowerAfrica 2007 - Conference and Exhibition Johannesburg, South Africa, 16-20 July 2007 MAIN TITLE. The main title should begin 1.18 inches (3 cm) from the top edge of the first page. Center the title. The title should be in Times 14-point, boldface type. Capitalize the first letter of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; do not capitalize articles, coordinate conjunctions, or prepositions (unless the title begins with such a word). The title should not be all in capital letters. Leave two blank lines after the title. AUTHOR NAMES. The names of the authors are to be centered beneath the title and printed in Times 12-point, normal type. Author's name should not be preceeded nor followed by author's titles and society memberships. AFFILIATIONS. The authors' affiliations are to be centered beneath the author's names and printed in Times 10-point, normal type. Affiliation should include: department/division, university/company, postal address, phone (optional), fax (optional), email (optional, and URL (optional). This information is to be followed by two blank lines. PAPER TEXT. The abstract and main text are to be in a two-column format. ABSTRACT. The abstract is to be in fully-justified at the top of the left-hand column, below the author and affiliation information. Begin the abstract with "Abstract - ", in Times 9-point bold, italicized type; underline the word "Abstract". The text of the abstract follows on the same line in Times 9-point, italicized, bold, single-spaced type. The abstract may be up to 3 in (7.62 cm) long. Leave two blank lines after the abstract, then begin the main text. MAIN TEXT. Type main text in Times 10-point normal type, single-spaced. Do NOT use double-spacing. All paragraphs should be indented 0.165 inch (0.42 cm). Be sure your text is fully justified - that is, flush left and flush right. Additional blank lines between paragraphs are discouraged. HEADINGS. FIRST-ORDER HEADINGS. (For example: I. INTRODUCTION) should be Times 10-point type, all in capital letters, centered, with one blank line before, and one blank line after. SECOND-ORDER HEADINGS. (For example: A. Database Elements) should be Times 10-point, italics, initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one after. If you require a third-order heading (we strongly discourage it), use 10-point Times, italics, initially capitalized, flush left, preceded by one blank line, followed by a period and your text on the same line. FIGURES. Usually, figures should be centered in the column; large figures can be placed and centered over two columns. The figure caption should be 8-point Helvetica (or a similar sans-serif) normal type and is usually centered below the figure. The figure caption should be preceeded by "Fig. ", the figure number, and ". " (e.g., "Fig. 2. "). Callouts should be 8-point Helvetica (or a similar sans-serif) font. Leave one blank line before the figure and one after the figure caption. TABLES. Usually, tables should be centered in the column; large tables can be placed and centered over two columns. The table title should be 8-point Helvetica (or a similar sans-serif) normal type and should be centered on top of the table. The table title should be preceeded by "Table ", the table number, and ". " (e.g., "Table 2. "). Leave one blank line before the table title and one after the table. FOOTNOTES. Use footnotes sparingly and place them at the bottom of the column on the page on which they are referenced. Use Times 8-point type, single-spaced. To help your readers, avoid using footnotes altogether and include necessary peripheral observations in the text (within parentheses, if you prefer, as in this sentence). ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Place acknowlwedgements at the end of the main text, before the references. Use Times 10-point normal type, single spaced, fully justified. The heading "ACKNOWLEDGEMENT" should follow the rules of the first-order headings, but without numbering. REFERENCES. List and number all bibliographical references in 8-point Times, single-spaced, at the end of your paper. When referenced in the text, enclose the citation number in square brackets, for example [1]. Where appropriate, include the name(s) of editors of referenced books. Use the IEEE Transactions format. The heading "REFERENCES" should follow the rules of the first-order headings, but without numbering. COLORS. All colors (e.g., in pictures and drawings) will be turned automatically into shades of grey since NO COLOR IS ALLOWED in the proceedings. If you want to have full control of the grey-scale appearance, you should transform your colored figures into gray-scale images before including them in the manuscript.