EMCABS: 01-11-2010
A Broadband Time-Domain EMI Measurement System for Measurements up to 18 GHz
+ Christian Hoffmann, ++ Stephan Braun and +++ Peter Russer
+ Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Hochfrequenztechnik, Munich, Germany
++ GAUSS INSTRUMENTS GmbH, Munich, Germany
+++ Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Nanoelektronik, Munich, Germany
c.hoffmann@tum.de,
stephan.braun@tdemi.com,
russer@tum.de
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 34–37.
Abstract: Using time-domain methods, emission measurements can be accelerated by several orders of magnitude in comparison to measurements with traditional EMI-receivers. In this paper, a novel time-domain EMI measurement system for the frequency range from 9 kHz to 18 GHz is presented. It combines ultra-fast analog-to-digital-conversion and real-time digital signal processing on a field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) with ultra-broadband multi-stage down-conversion. With a 9 kHz IF-filter, a measurement over the whole frequency range can be performed in approximately three minutes with the highest sensitivity. The results of the noise-floor measurements imply that the system, with its low noise figure of 6–8 dB, meets the enhanced sensitivity requirements over the whole frequency range up to 18 GHz.
Index terms: EMI, time-domain measurements, FPGA, multi-stage down-conversion.
EMCABS: 02-11-2010
Whole-Body Averaged SAR Measurement for Postured Japanese Human Models using Cylindrical-External Field Scanning
+ Takashi Hikage, + Yoshifumi Kawamura, + Toshio Nojima, ++ Tomoaki Nagaoka and ++ Soichi Watanabe
+ Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
++ National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo, Japan
{hikage, kawamura, nojima}@wtemc.ist.hokudai.ac.jp
{nagaoka,wata}@nict.go.jp
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 73–76.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to establish a whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WB-SAR) experimental estimation method using the total power absorbed by humans; a cylindrical-external field scanning technique is used to measure the radiated RF (radio-frequency) power. This technique is adopted with the goal of simplifying the exposure dosimetry of humans of different postures and/or sizes. We have carried out experimental estimations using a constructed SAR measurement system for standing and sitting human models.
Index terms: Whole-body averaged SAR, human exposure, FDTD technique, cylindrical fields scanning, silicone rubber phantom.
EMCABS: 03-11-2010
Field Coupling to Randomly-Routed Wires: Theoretical and Experimental Comparison
+ Fatou Diouf, ++ Flavio Canavero, +, +++ Frank Leferink and +++ Frits J.K. Buesink
+ Thales Nederland B.V., Hengelo, The Netherlands
++ Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
+++ Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands
{fatou.diouf, frank.leferink}@nl.thalesgroup.com
flavio.canavero@polito.it
{frank.leferink, f.j.k.buesink}@ewi.utwente.nl
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 113–118.
Abstract: The coupling of electromagnetic fields to randomly routed wires is studied in this article. Random wire configurations are generated through a stochastic model and estimations of the output currents are based on Transmission Lines Theory. Several random configurations are manually reproduced with a copper wire and used for measurements in a GTEM cell and a Fully Anechoic Chamber. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results are provided. Statistical behaviors of the randomly-routed wires according to the incident field polarization angle are shown. Likewise, a fast method to estimate the wires’ statistical parameters and maximum interference values is presented.
Index terms: NUTL, randomly-routed wire, GTEM cell, fully anechoic chamber, Monte-Carlo simulations, stochastic collocation method, maximum interference.
EMCABS: 04-11-2010
Modeling of Bulk Current Injection (BCI) Setups for Virtual Automotive IC Tests
+ Sergey Miropolsky, + Stephan Frei and ++ Jörg Frensch
+ Technische Universität Dortmund
++ ELMOS Semiconductor AG Dortmund, Germany
sergey.miropolsky@tu-dortmund.de
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 123–128.
Abstract: The Bulk Current Injection (BCI) method is widely used for RF immunity testing of automotive systems and ICs in the electronics industry. During testing, detected IC failures may lead to expensive redesigns and cause seriously delays of a product launch. To evaluate the chip immunity in early design stages, it is desired to perform virtual tests based on accurate models. In this paper, an accurate and fast to simulate behavioral model of a BCI injection clamp is presented. The applicability is shown with an RF immunity investigation of a sample DUT. Several different configurations of the BCI test setup with different wire lengths and application-dependent line terminations are analyzed. Specific attention is paid to test setup configurations where supply and ground cables are subject to injection. The common and differential mode disturbances and PCB ground shifts are measured and modeled. The simulations show good correlation to measurements and allow performing RF immunity investigations of the designed DUTs on earlier design stages.
Index terms: Automotive EMC, IC EMC, bulk current injection (BCI), common and differential mode disturbances.
EMCABS: 05-11-2010
K-factor as an accurate estimator of the stirring efficiency in reverberation chamber
Christophe Lemoine, Emmanuel Amador, Jerome Sol and Philippe Besnier
Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes – IETR INSA of Rennes, Rennes, France
{christophe.lemoine, emmanuel.amador, jerome.sol, philippe.besnier}@insa-rennes.fr
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 179–184.
Abstract: The paper aims to improve the characterization of the electromagnetic environment in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber. The ideal Rayleigh distribution of a rectangular component of the electric field requires that all the propagating paths are well stirred. That means that no unstirred energy remains during the stirring process. This work focuses on a meticulous analysis of the Rician K-factor as a potential estimate of the quality of the reverberating environment. A comparison with high power goodness-of-fit tests results show that estimating K should be highly recommended for evaluating the accuracy of the mode stirring process.
Index terms: Efficient stirring, goodness-of-fit tests, K-factor, Rayleigh, reverberation chamber, Rice.
EMCABS: 06-11-2010
Broadband Determination of Complex Permittivity and Permeability of High-loss Material
+ C.-P. Chen, + T. Anada, ++ D. Xu, +++ Z. Ma and ++++ C. Christopoulos
+ Department of Electrical Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama-shi, Japan
++ School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
+++ Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
++++ School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
chen@kanagawa-u.ac.jp
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 221–224.
Abstract: A coaxial-line-based technique is investigated to characterize the complex EM-parameters of high-loss material over a broad frequency band. To simultaneously determine complex permittivity and permeability, two complex reflection coefficients are measured from the material-under-test with two different thicknesses. After a brief discussion of the principle of the proposed technique, uncertainty analysis is conducted to perfect this technique. Uncertainty equations in differential forms are established for the simultaneous measurement of complex electromagnetic (EM) parameters in the systematical consideration of various error factors in measurement. Worst case differential uncertainty equations were defined while the implicit partial derivation techniques were used to find the coefficients in formulation. Finally, sample materials are measured by the proposed technique from 4 to 16 GHz. Good agreement between the measured and reference data validates the effectiveness of our analysis.
Index terms: Coaxial probe, two-thickness-method, EM parameters, uncertainty analysis, high-loss material.
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EMCABS: 07-11-2010
On the use of reverberation chamber to simulate the Power Delay Profile of a wireless channel
Adam J. Pomianek, Kamil Staniec and Zbigniew Joskiewicz
Institute of Telecommunications, Teleinformatics and Acoustics Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
adam.pomianek@pwr.wroc.pl
kamil.staniec@pwr.wroc.pl
zbigniew.joskiewicz@pwr.wroc.pl
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 245–249.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide some further observations on the use of reverberation chambers to imitate real wireless channels. It is shown that when the RMS delay spread is calculated, an appropriate threshold has to be chosen. Based on the threshold value, the required dynamics of measurements performed for realistic wireless channels can be estimated. It is also shown that the reverberation chamber loading method allows only for representing outdoor channels.
Index terms: RMS delay spread, multipath propagation, wireless environment, reverberation chamber, power delay profile.
EMCABS: 08-11-2010
Statistical Properties of Electromagnetic Environment in Wireless Networks, Intra-Network Electromagnetic Compatibility and Safety
+ Vladimir Mordachev and ++ Sergey Loyka
+ EMC R&D Laboratory, Belarus State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (BSUIR) Minsk, Republic of Belarus
++ School of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa, Canada
emc@bsuir.by
sergey.loyka@ieee.org
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 619–624.
Abstract: Statistical properties of the electromagnetic environment in wireless networks affecting its intra-network electromagnetic compatibility and safety are studied. The analysis is based on the standard propagation channel model, a Poisson model of random spatial distribution of transmitters, and a threshold-based model of the victim receptor behavior (radio receiver or human body). The distribution of the dominant interference level is derived and analyzed under various network and system configurations. The aggregate interference is dominated by the nearest transmitter one. The distribution of the unordered single-node interference is independent of the transmitters’ power and their spatial density and is the same for homogeneous and non-homogeneous networks. The outage probability is used as a measure of not only the wireless link quality-of-service, but also of environmental risks induced by electromagnetic radiation. The maximum acceptable interference levels for reliable link performance and for low environmental risks are surprisingly similar.
Index terms: Electromagnetic environment, dynamic range, outage probability, wireless networks.
EMCABS: 09-11-2010
RFID system evaluation against radiated transient noise
Marc Pous, Mireya Fernández-Chimeno and Ferran Silva
Grup de Compatibilitat Electromagnètica (GCEM) Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica (DEE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 625–628.
Abstract: In this paper a radiofrequency identification system according to standard ISO/IEC 14443 type-B is evaluated in the presence of transient noise. This real time communication system working at 13.56 MHz is interfered in a controlled environment by different transient bursts varying their level, frequency and duration. The transient burst interference is applied in an AC main wire close to the system and the effect over the digital communication system is evaluated using two different methods. The first one is observing directly RFID equipment in the presence of transient signals, and the second one is capturing the interference in the time domain and evaluating its effect by means of simulation. The RFID system is affected by these transient noises causing different types of errors. It is shown that it is essential to measure and evaluate in time domain the transient phenomena to ensure that the RFID system do not have susceptibility problems.
Index terms: Transient, RFID, measurement, digital communications.
EMCABS: 10-11-2010
Far-Field and Near-Field Analysis of Shielding Effectiveness of Slotted Enclosure at Frequencies Below 1 GHz
Andrzej Rusiecki and Karol Aniserowicz
Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok, Poland
Andrzej.Rusiecki@plum.pl
k.aniserowicz@pb.edu.pl
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 635–638.
Abstract: Shielding Effectiveness (SE) calculated for a metal slotted enclosure, obtained using three different software suites (FEKO [1], WIPL-D [2] and COMSOL [3]) is presented. For the SE analysis, the electromagnetic field in both near as well as far field is considered. The effect of the spatial radiation pattern of an enclosed radiator on the results of SE calculations has been taken into account using the Poynting (S) vector integration and compared with other common methods of SE analysis. The FEKO, WIPL-D and COMSOL outputs were found to be in good agreement.
Index terms: Shielding effectiveness, slotted enclosure, far-field, near-field, numerical simulation.
EMCABS: 11-11-2010
Estimation of Rise Time and Frequency Spectra of Discharge Current Waveforms for Air Discharges of an ESD-Gun with Low Charge Voltages
+ Ikuko Mori and ++ Osamu Fujiwara
+ Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzuka National College of Technology, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
++ Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
i-mori@info.suzuka-ct.ac.jp
fujiwara@odin.nitech.ac.jp
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 757–761.
Abstract: The discharge current waveform for air discharges of an ESD-gun with low charge voltages onto a wideband current detector was measured for a bandwidth of 12 GHz. To grasp real rise time of the observed current waveform, input current waveform was estimated from the frequency response of the second order low pass filter of the oscilloscope, which showed that a minimum value of the estimated rise time is 17 ps. Frequency spectra of the estimated current waveforms are also compared with those of measured ones. As a result, for air discharges at several hundred volts, frequency spectra of estimated waveforms have the higher frequency components than measured ones above 2 GHz.
Index terms: Air discharge, discharge current waveform, ESD gun, frequency spectrum, IEC 61000-4-2, rise time.
EMCABS: 12-11-2010
High-Frequency Effective Impedance Of Micro-Wires Based On Carbon Nanotube Technology
M. D’Amore, A.G. D’Aloia and M.S. Sarto
Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza University (CNIS), Dept. of Astronautics, Electrical and Energetic Eng., Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, Wroclaw, Poland, September 13–17, 2010, pp. 857–862.
Abstract: The skin-effect modeling of isolated micro-wires with rectangular cross-section, consisting of bundles of single wall (SW) or multi-wall (MW) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is developed. The bundles are treated as homogeneous materials with ac effective conductivity, which is evaluated using the Drude’s complex expression. A new formulation is proposed for MWCNT bundles. The frequency-domain distribution of the bundle current density is used to obtain the expressions of the skin depth and of the effective inner impedance. Applications to SWCNT and MWCNT-based micro-wires having different configurations are carried out. The obtained results show the saturation behavior of the effective inner resistance and inductance above a critical frequency, which depends on the momentum relaxation time of the CNTs.
Index terms: Carbon nanotube bundle, skin effect, effective impedance, transmission lines.
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