EMCABS

Following are abstracts of papers from previous EMC symposia, related conferences, meetings and publications.

EMCABS COMMITTEE
Bob Hunter, Consultant
r.d.hunter@ieee.org
Sha Fei, EMC Research Section, Northern Jiatong
University, Beijing, China
emclab@center.njtu.edu.cn
Ferdy Mayer, L.E.A.D., Maisons, Alfort France
FerdyMayerLEADFrance@compuserve.com
Maria Sabrina Sarto, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome, Italy
sarto@elettrica.ing.uniroma1.it

“How Can I Get a Copy of an Abstracted Article?”
Engineering college/university libraries, public libraries, company or corporate libraries, National Technical Information Services (NTIS), or the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) are all possible sources for copies of abstracted articles or papers. If the library you visit does not own the source document, the librarian can probably request the material or a copy from another library through interlibrary loan, or for a small fee, you can order it from NTIS or DTIC. Recently it became clear that EMCABs were more timely than publications which were being listed in data files. Therefore, additional information will be included, when available, to assist in obtaining desired articles or papers. Examples are: IEEE, SAE, ISBN, and Library of Congress identification numbers.
As the EMC Society becomes more international, we will be adding additional worldwide abstractors who will be reviewing articles and papers in many languages. We will continue to set up these informal cooperation networks to assist members in getting the information or contacting the author(s). We are particularly interested in symposium proceedings which have not been available for review in the past. Thank you for any assistance you can give to expand the EMCS knowledge base. EMC

EMCABS: 01-5-2004
Measurement of S Parameters of Balun Using the TRL Calibration Technique of Network Analyzer
Takashi Iwasaki and Kazuto Tomizawa
The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, 182-8585 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1050-1061
Abstract: A novel method for measuring the S parameters of a balun is proposed. The proposed 3-balun method is based on the Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration technique of network analyzers. The 3-balun method makes it possible to reduce the inherent systematic errors in the conventional method using the TRL calibration technique. Three baluns with 1:4 transformers are constructed for measuring the reflection and transmission S parameters of a balun in 30-1000MHz. The experimental results and the error estimation show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Index terms: Balun, TRL calibration, network analyzer, S parameter, complex antenna factor.

EMCABS: 02-5-2004
Modeling and Simulation of Unintended Electromagnetic Emission from Digital Circuits
Osami Wada
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, 700-8530 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1062-1069
Abstract: Mechanisms of radiated emission from printed circuit boards (PCBs) are presented, and the latest results on electromagnetic noise evaluation are demonstrated. As a generation mechanism of the common mode, the mismatching of imbalance is explained and its evaluation method with two-dimensional numerical analysis is given. Second, an analytical method of simulation of the resonance of power and ground planes, the power-bus resonance, and extension of the method is demonstrated. A device macro-model for EMI simulation is also introduced; the model was proposed and named by the authors as LECCS, linear equivalent circuit and current source, model.
Index terms: Simulation, printed circuit board, common mode, imbalance, device model.

EMCABS: 03-5-2004
FDTD Analysis of the Transmission/Radiation Characteristics of 90o Bent Transmission Lines
Takayasu Shiokawa
Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University, Tagajyo-shi, 985-8537 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1070-1080
Abstract: Owing to the recent technical developments of the computer and related systems, the interest in the suppression of the electromagnetic waves from various electronic systems becomes higher. Many studies have been investigated as to this problem so far. In this paper, we deal with the radiation from two types of transmission lines. One is a parallel two-wire line with a bend, and the other is a 90o bent microstrip line with an adjacent straight line. From the former investigation, for example, we can see that the radiation power becomes larger, the wider the line separation becomes. And also the relatively strong radiation is occurred at the area from a bend point to around 0.5 from a bend point. From the latter investigation, we can see that the frequency band where the unwanted electromagnetic waves are emitted becomes lower, because of the existence of the adjacent straight line. This result will become important, especially, in the case of the multi-wires with the bend, for example, a 45o bend.
Index terms: Two wire parallel line, microstrip line, bend, FDTD, radiation.

EMCABS: 04-5-2004
Method for Measuring the Effectiveness of Microwave Shielding Enclosures
+Takeshi Miura, +Toshiyuki Nishibori, +Junji Inatani, ++Masumichi Seta and ++Takeshi Manabe
+Tsukuba Space Center, National Space Development Agency of Japan, Tsukuba-shi, 305-8505 Japan
++ Communications Research Laboratory, Koganei-shi, 184-8795 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1081-1088
Abstract: A new method of measuring the effectiveness of microwave shielding enclosures is presented. The shielding effectiveness is defined by the ratio of the signal levels detected inside the enclosure to those measured there without the enclosure. To detect maximum signal levels inside of the enclosure, where multi-path interference will dominate due to multiple leakage sources and reflections, we prepared a frequency-sweeping measurement system by means of a small antenna and general-purpose microwave instruments. It has shown the dynamic range up to 80 dB for the measurement of shielding effectiveness over 1-20 GHz range.
Index terms: Microwave, shielding enclosure, shielding measurement, multi-path interference.

EMCABS: 05-5-2004
Determination of the Magnetic Complex Antenna Factor of a Double-Gapped Shielded Loop Antenna
+Katsumi Fujii, ++Makoto Takashima, +++Takashi Iwasaki, +Yasushi Matsumoto and +Akira Sugiura
+ Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, 980-8577 Japan
++ Japan Quality Assurance Organization, Tokyo, 157-8573 Japan
+++ Department of Electronic Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, 182-8585 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1096-1102
Abstract: To determine a magnetic complex antenna factor of a double-gapped shielded loop antenna for magnetic field measurement, two kinds of calculation methods are proposed. When a characteristic of a 180-degree hybrid circuit could be expressed with Z-parameter or Y-parameter, the characteristic of the 180-degree hybrid circuit obtained by measurement can be combined with a characteristic of antenna element. And the magnetic complex antenna factor can be determined. By comparing the magnetic complex antenna factor measured by the 3-antenna method, it was shown that the proposed methods are effective. In addition, the proposed methods solve a problem that a phase of a magnetic complex antenna factor is uncertain in the case of the 3-antenna method.
Index terms: Double-gapped shielded loop antenna, magnetic complex antenna factor, 180-degree hybrid circuit, method of moment.

EMCABS: 06-5-2004
Nuisance Trips of Earthleakage Breaker Caused bY the Operation of SPD
+Koreyuki Taketani, ++Ryu Tobisawa and +++Hitoshi Kijima
+ ACE International Technology Consulting, Tokyo, 116-0014 Japan
++ ACE LION INC., Tokyo, 116-0014 Japan
+++ Polytechnic University, Sagamihara-shi, 229-1196 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1120-1125
Abstract: We investigated the nuisance trips of earth leakage breakers (ELBs) caused by a lightning surge current with a duration of 150 to 500 ms. We found that the longer the duration, the lower the peak lightning surge current needed to cause a nuisance trip. Previous studies focused on ELBs that interrupt the circuit as soon as a surge was detected; we focused on time-delay ELB. We concluded that ELBs with a time delay greater than 100 ms did not make any nuisance trip due to a lightning surge current. We also determined that time-delay ELBs operate safely under several specified conditions depending on the circuit system.
Index terms: Lightning, over voltage, surge protective device, earth fault, earth leakage breakers.

EMCABS: 07-5-2004
Reduction in Radiated Emission from Multilayer PCBs by the Layer Structure Shielding a Power Plane
+Satoru Haga, +Ken Nakano and ++Osamu Hashimoto
+Association of Super-Advanced Electronics Technologies (ASET), Tsukuba-shi, 305-0047 Japan
++College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara-shi, 229-8558 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1139-1148
Abstract: This paper presents a new printed circuit board with a power plane shielded to reduce radiated emission. Dominant emission from multilayer printed circuit boards is caused by the power and ground plane resonance. Conventional layer structures of multilayer boards have open edges between the power and ground planes. The open edges will behave as an effective antenna. The new printed circuit board with the layer structure shielding a power plane has been developed to avoid this phenomenon. The new board has symmetrical ground-power-ground layer stack-up, and almost all the edges of two ground planes are connected. The experimental results have shown that the new board reduces the emission by more than 2l dB than the conventional four-1ayer board. In addition to the reduction effects, the new board will enable higher packaging density because the board needs no additional noise suppressing component and/or routing space.
Index terms: Radiated emission, multilayer printed board, power and ground plane resonance, symmetrical layer stack-up.

EMCABS: 08-5-2004
Matching Characteristics of EM-Wave Absorber with Metallic Patterns on the Front and Back Surfaces
Mitsuhiro Amano and Youji Kotsuka
Department of Communications Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, 259-1292 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1165-1175
Abstract: This paper proposes how to improve and change the matching frequency characteristic of a magnetic EM-wave absorber with periodical conductive thin plates on the surface and a low conductive plate or a conductive lattice on the back of the absorber. It is clarified that the matching frequency characteristic shifts toward a low frequency region by adjusting the size of the periodical conductive thin plates. The matching characteristic can also be improved effectively by adjusting the conductivity of the plate or the conductive lattice size. The parametric investigations of the present absorber are conducted from the input admittance viewpoint. The design methods are also clarified.
Index terms: EM-wave absorber, periodic structure, conductor, FDTD method.

EMCABS: 09-5-2004
Theoretical Evaluation of Condition of EUT Installation in a GTEM Cell on Immunity Testing
Shinobu Ishigami, Katsushige Harima and Yukio Yamanaka
EMC Group, Communications Research Laboratory, Yokosuka-shi, 239-0847 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1183-1190
Abstract: Immunity and emission tests in TEM (transverse electromagnetic) waveguides, such as GTEM (gigahertz transverse electromagnetic) cells, have been discussed at IEC SC77B and CISPR/A. In this paper, the correlation between a result of the immunity test in a GTEM cell and that in an anechoic chamber was examined theoretically. The average electric fields of the EUT surfaces in a GTEM cell and an anechoic chamber were calculated by using the FDTD method in order to evaluate a suitable installation and size of EUT in the GTEM cell. As a result, the difference between a GTEM cell and an anechoic chamber increased as the size of the EUT increased. Moreover, when the EUT surface approached the septum and floor conductor, the difference increased. As a result, we found that the interval between the EUT and each conductor (the septum or floor conductor) should be more than 15% of the distance between the septum and the floor conductor (d). Moreover, in the suitable position, when the size of the EUT were 10%, 20%, and 30% of d, the difference in both the test result of the GTEM cell and the anechoic chamber were expected to be about 1 dB, 2 dB, and 2-3 dB, respectively.
Index terms: GTEM cell, immunity test, FDTD method, EUT (equipment under test).

EMCABS: 10-5-2004
A 3D RF Radiated-Immunity Test Method Using Rotating AM-EM Fields
Kimitoshi Murano and Yoshio Kami
Faculty of Electro-Communications, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, 182-8585 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1199-1206
Abstract: Three-dimensional radiated immunity/susceptibility characteristics can be obtained using a turntable together with our previously proposed radio-frequency radiated-immunity test method, which uses slowly rotating amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields. This paper clarifies the principle and how to generate the fields. By observing the waveforms of the fields in an anechoic chamber, we confirmed that they were generated accurately. Moreover, susceptibility characteristics of two kinds of equipment under test, a rectangular cavity with a slit and an audio amplifier, were measured to show the effectiveness of this method.
Index terms: Rotating AM-EM field, amplitude modulation, AM-DSB-SC signal, radiated-immunity test.

EMCABS: 11-5-2004
Estimation of the Local SAR in the Human Abdomen Using a Human Body Phantom and Small Antennas at 150 MHZ
+,++Yoshio Koyanagi, ++Hiroki Kawai, +++Koichi Ogawa and ++++Koichi Ito
+Panasonic Mobile Communications Co., Ltd., Yokosuka-shi, 239-0847 Japan
++Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, 263-8522 Japan
+++Devices Development Center Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma-shi, 571-8501 Japan
++++ Research Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, 263-8522 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1207-1218
Abstract: A 500 mm cylindroid phantom is proposed for the evaluation of the SAR distribution inside the human abdomen. The purpose of this study is to get basic data about the influence of the electric-magnetic wave against an abdominal organ caused by the 150 MHZ portable radios. The height of the phantom is defined by FDTD analysis in consideration of the good accuracy and convenience to measurement. The SAR distribution in the phantom is estimated by the thermo-graphic method after due consideration of the measurement error caused by heat transfer coefficient. It is confirmed that the SAR values caused by the 0.l0l or 0.18 l antennas in the 50 mm depths from the phantom surface are 0.24 W/kg or 0.17 W/kg when the output power is 1W.
Index terms: Portable radio, human body phantom, local SAR, thermo-graphic method, heat transfer coefficient.

EMCABS: 12-5-2004
Comparison of Local SAR in Realistic Head Models of Adult and Children for Portable Telephones
+Osamu Fujiwara, +Jianqing Wang, +Tomomi Hisada, ++Souichi Watanabe and ++Yukio Yamanaka
+Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya-shi, 466-8555 Japan
++ Communications Research Laboratory, Yokosuka-shi, 239-0847 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol. J86-B, No. 7, 2003, pp.1219-1224
Abstract: There are still contradictory results regarding the peak SAR in adult and children head models for portable telephones. In this paper, based on Japanese statistical data on external head shapes of adult and children, we newly developed five kinds of children’s head models by scaling down our previously developed Japanese adult head. Using the adult and children’s head models, we calculated the local peak SAR for a 900 MHz portable telephone with the vertical, cheek and tilted positions. Comparing to the local peak SAR in the adult head, we found that there was a considerable increase in the children’s heads for the vertical position, while an unchanging or a decreasing trend was observed for the actual use positions, i.e., the check and tilted positions. We also showed that all these results may be explained from the variations of the resistive component of the antenna input impedance.
Index terms: Portable telephones, dosimetry, SAR, adult, children, antenna input impedance. EMC