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EMCABS |
EMC AbstractsOsamu Fujiwara, Associate Editor |
Following are abstracts of papers from previous EMC symposia,
related conferences, meetings and publications. EMCAB COMMITTEEBob Hunter Sha Fei Ferdy Mayer Maria Sabrina Sarto “HOW CAN I GET A COPY OF AN ABSTRACTED ARTICLE?”Engineering college/university libraries, public libraries, company or corporate libraries, National Technical Information Services (NTIS), or the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) are all possible sources for copies of abstracted articles of papers. If the library you visit does not own the source document, the librarian can probably request the material or a copy from another library through interlibrary loan, or for a small fee, order it from NTIS or DTIC. Recently it became clear that EMCABs were more timely than publications which were being listed in data files. Therefore, additional information will be included, when available, to assist in obtaining desired articles or papers. Examples are: IEEE, SAE, ISBN, and Library of Congress identification numbers. As the EMC Society becomes more international, we will be adding additional worldwide abstractors who will be reviewing articles and papers in many languages. We will continue to set up these informal cooperation networks to assist members in getting the information or contacting the author(s). We are particularly interested in symposium proceedings which have not been available for review in the past. Thank you for any assistance you can give to expand the EMCS knowledge base. EMC |
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT, PRICING, AND EFFICIENCY CONTROL IN BROAD-BAND WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS
Cengiz Evci and Bernard Fino
Alcatel, 75008 Paris, France, now with Evolium, a joint venture of Alcatel and Fujitsu,
78138 Velizy, France; CNAM, 75003 Paris, France, respectively
Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.89, No.1, January 2001, pp. 105-115.
Abstract: Increasing demands for communications spectrum require new methods of spectrum management. This paper provides an overview of some important issues, including regulatory considerations. The allocation process, technical progress and trends in spectrum pricing are reviewed. Also of concern is the problem of spectrum efficiency (getting more out of a limited resource). The 20 sharing of bands is also reviewed in light of recent developments, e.g., Bluetooth. Some 20 pricing concepts are applied to CDMA and TDMA systems.
Index terms: Spectrum management, propagation issues, technical issues, spectral efficiency, 20 spectrum pricing.
SOME ELECTROMAGNETIC ASPECTS OF CORELESS PCB TRANSFORMERS
S. Y. (Ron) Hui, S. C. Tang, and Henry Shu-hung Chung
Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 4, July 2000, pp. 805-810.
Abstract: In previous papers, the authors resolved several doubts about the use of coreless PCB transformers. In this paper, the authors investigate the radiation from the loop antennas formed by such transformers using antenna theory, field simulation and measurements. Measurements made on circuits described in the paper confirm the theory that coreless PCB transformers do not produce significant radiation in typical applications. The authors point out that the radiation from PWB traces in such circuits provides most of the measured radiated field.
Index terms: Coreless PCB Transformers, Power Supplies, radiation from coreless PCB transformers, field simulation, field measurement.
A REALIZATION OF TRANSPARENT WAVE ABSORBER USING RESISTIVE-FILM AT X-BAND FOR OBLIQUE
INCIDENT
Masahiro Hanazawa, Osamu Hashimoto, and Hidetoshi Ebara
College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 6-16-1 Chitosedai,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8572 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 2, February 2000, pp. 245-251.
Abstract: We already realized the transparent wave absorber for angle using resistive-film at 1 GHz, 10 GHz and 60 GHz. The necessity of the transparent wave absorber for oblique is high because electromagnetic waves do not always incite the wave absorber vertically. In this paper, we try to realize the transparent wave absorber using resistive-film with angle characteristic at X-band frequency. As a result, we confirm that the realization of the transparent wave absorber for TE-wave which has absorption of more than 20 dB at 0-40[deg.], and also that the absorption of transparent wave absorber for TM-wave which has the absorption of more than 20 dB at 0-30[deg.] These types of wave absorbers will be used as a wall because the thickness is about 5.3-5.6[mm].
Index terms: Transparent wave absorber, X-band, angle characteristics, resistive-film.
A STUDY ON THE SMALLER DOOR SEAL STRUCTURE OF A MICROWAVE OVEN USING THE FDTD METHOD
Yusuke Kusawa+, Osamu Hashimoto+, and Minoru Makida++
+Aoyama Gakuin University, 6-16-1 Chitosedai, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8572 Japan
++SHARP, 3-1-72 Kitakamei-cho, Yao-shi, 581-0066 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 4, April 2000, pp. 544-553.
Abstract: In this paper, SE (shielding effectiveness) of the choke groove whose depth dimension was reduced to a half scale compared to the conventional one was examined oscillating the more real leakage wave that includes the higher modes using the FDTD method. First, the optimum dimensions of the 2-dim cross-section groove were calculated on TEM mode so that the calculation time can be minimized. And then the 3-dim groove model with the periodic slits was analyzed using the optimum data from 2-dim analysis. Also the groove combined with a lossy material, which is used secondary to compensate the SE decrease, was examined, too. The propriety of the analytical results was confirmed experimentally because the SE level of the manufactured choke was about 31 dB.
Index terms: Microwave oven, door seal, lossy material, shielding effectiveness, FDTD.
SIMULATION OF TRANSMISSION WAVES THROUGH MULTI LAYERED THIN CONDUCTING SHEETS BY FDTD
METHOD
Toru Fukasawa, Hiroyuki Ohmine, Isamu Chiba, and Yonehiko Sunahara
Information Technology R & D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kamakura-shi,
247-8501 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 5, May 2000, pp. 711-719.
Abstract: The shield material is frequently made of multi-layered thin conductor films. To estimate the shielding effect by the FDTD method directly, the cell size must be as small as the thickness of the conductor films. Because the size of the shield material is much greater than that of conductor thickness, the number of cells increases significantly. In this paper, a resistance sheet that has the same transmission coefficient as that of multi-layered conductor films is proposed as a sub-cell method in FDTD. It becomes possible to simulate an accurate transmission coefficient without an increase in the number of cells.
Index terms: FD-TD, sub-cell method, multi-layered structure, transmission coefficient.
DOSIMETRY ANALYSIS AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF REALISTIC HEAD MODELS FOR PORTABLE
TELEPHONES
Osamu Fujiwara, Takahiro Joukou, and Jianqing Wang
Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya-shi, 466-8555 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 5, May 2000, pp. 720-725.
Abstract: This paper evaluated the dosimetries in five kinds of our developed realistic human head models simulating an adult through an infant for portable telephones. The FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) method was used to compute both the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) and temperature rise. As a result, we found that the peak SARs averaged over any one-gram of tissue exceeded the guideline value (1.6 W/kg) being specified in ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992, while the ten-gram peak SARs do not exceed the ICNIRP/Japan specified value (2 W/kg). The peak temperature-rise, however, was found to be less than 0.2 degrees centigrade on the head surface. On the other hand, we also found that the temperature rises at the hypothalamus increase with reducing the head size, which are less than 0.003 degrees for the adult-size model and also 0.05 degrees for the infant-size head model. The above temperature rises are significantly lower than the threshold value (0.3 degrees) causing body-temperature regulating action, which implies that the present portable telephones produce no heat stress, even though the localized peak SAR exceeds the specified guideline value.
Index terms: Portable telephone, biological effects, partial-body absorption guidelines, realistic head models, dosimetry.
TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF THE ARC VOLTAGE AND ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE CAUSED FROM OPENING
ARC DISCHARGE BETWEEN THE C AND CU CONTACT
Toshiaki Koizumi+,++, Kumio Takahashi+, Yasuo Ebara++, Hideaki Sone++, and Yosiaki
Nemoto++
+Research Dept. 1, Research & Development Laboratory, Hitachi Koki Corporation,
Hitachinaka-shi, 312-8502 Japan
++Graduated School of Information Science, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, 980-8579, Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 7, July 2000, pp. 1027-1033.
Abstract: A pair of brushes is commonly fixed symmetrically in a small commutator motor. Arc discharge between the brush and commutator causes EM (electromagnetic) noise. Arc discharges simultaneously occur at both brushes with different current polarities. One of the current polarities is Cu (cathode) that means the current direction from the brush to the commutator, and another is the opposite direction denoted by C (cathode). This paper shows the characteristics of the opening arc voltage and EM noise with opening arc discharge of each current polarity between Cu-C electrodes at DC40 V, 2 A with load inductance 0.8 mH. It was found that maximum EM noise level at every operation of Cu (cathode) was about 20 dB higher than that of C (cathode), and maximum EM noise was observed at the arc extinction for Cu (cathode) while it was in the middle of arc duration for C (cathode). The gradient of the arc voltage waveform just before the arc extinction of Cu (cathode) was lower than that of C (cathode) and it was found that EM noise level in case of Cu (cathode) was easy to occur larger one than that in case of C (cathode).
Index terms: Electric contact, arc discharge, electromagnetic noise, commutator motor.
A STUDY ON RF NOISE IMMUNITY OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Yoshiyuki Hattori+, Hiroshi Tadano+, Hiroshi Nagase+, and Kouichi Itoigawa++
+Toyota Central R & D Labs., Inc., Aichi-gun, Aichi-ken, 480-1192 Japan
++Tokai Rika Co., Ltd., Niwa-gun, Aichi-ken, 480-0195 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 7, July 2000, pp. 1034-1042.
Abstract: This paper describes radio frequency (RF) immunity for LF356 (FET-input) and LM324 (bipolar-input) op-amps under large RF signal injection. In both op-amps, DC output voltage shifts were observed when RF signal was injected into the input terminal. It was found that these shifts are caused by rectification at the input transistors. When an RF signal was injected into the voltage source or the output terminal, DC shifts were observed only for LM324. It is considered that the reasons are as follows. 1) The RF leaks to the input transistors and 2) rectification efficiency of the input transistors of LM324 are higher than that of LF356.
Index terms: Op-amp (operational amplifier), RF (radio frequency), noise, immunity, rectification.
A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF LAMBDA / 4 TYPE WAVE ABSORBER AT MICROWAVE BAND USING CONDUCTIVE
PAPER
Kenjiro Otsuka+, Osamu Hashimoto+, Mitsuru Orita+, and Yukinobu Morita++
+College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 6-16-1 Chitosedai,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8572 Japan
++Ohjikako Co., Ltd., 2-3 Nihonbashi, Kodenmacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0001 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 7, July 2000, pp. 1043-1049.
Abstract: In the paper, we present a lambda/4-type wave absorber for microwave band using coated conductive paper. First, the absorber is designed at X and Ku band and measured to find its absorbent characteristics. From these values, we create empirical formulas for the permittivity and the surface resistance value of the conductive paper. Calculating from these empirical formulas, a more practical absorber is again designed and measured for the characteristics. Those absorbers at X and Ku band show a successful result for the absorbent characteristics of over 20 dB at the range of 8.2-10.6 GHz and 14.1-17.2 GHz, with a slight gap of 0.5 GHz between the matching frequency and the measurement. This study proposes a guide into a design for wave absorbers with conductive coating at microwave band.
Index terms: Wave absorber, conductive paper, microwave band.
ELECTROMAGNETIC CUT-OFF BY METALLIC LINES ON THE GLASS
Yutaka Kobayashi, Masaharu Takahashi, and Minoru Abe
Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Musashi Institute of Technology,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8557 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 10, October 2000, pp. 1446-1452.
Abstract: Concurrently with the remarkable development of electric and electronic equipment in recent years, this equipment is increasingly in general use in offices. This has created serious problems such as electromagnetic interference, signal mixture and so on, in particular the information leakage due to the use of wireless LAN. This report addresses the methodology to cut-off the electromagnetic waves by way of installing metallic lines on the window glasses. In view of MMAC (Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Systems) being considered as the future wireless LAN, we also propose the two frequency band cut-off using ring conductor and cross conductor for the purpose of the cut-off the 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz which is the frequency used for MMAC.
Index terms: Glass, cut-off electromagnetic waves, FDTD method, metallic lines, wireless LAN, MMAC.
INDUCED VOLTAGE ON A COMMUNICATION CABLE CAUSED BY INCOMING RADIO WAVE
Masaru Nobesawa+, Kosei Tamaki+, Nozomu Hasebe+, and Itsuro Yokoyama++
+College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi-shi, 274-0063 Japan
++Taiko Electric Works, LTD., Tokyo, 142 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 11, November 2000, pp. 1587-1597.
Abstract: For estimation of the induced voltage on a communication cable set in a radio wave, the paper describes the results of both analytical and experimental investigation. In this paper, the common mode of a transmission cable is regarded. A cable model consisting of horizontal and tilted cables of both sides is introduced. A good agreement is obtained between the theoretical and the experimental results using a scale model. On the outdoor experiments using a 10-pair cable and terminators in practical use, it is noted that the measured results can be expressed by the theoretical analysis with appropriate parameters.
Index terms: Communication cable, induced voltage, reciprocal theory, common mode.
CALIBRATION OF A BICONICAL ANTENNA AND ITS USAGE IN EMI MEASUREMENTS
Nobuyuki Suzuki+, Akira Sugiura++, Yukio Yamanaka+++, and Takashi Iwasaki+
+Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi,
182-8585 Japan
++Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, 980-8577
Japan
+++Communications Research Laboratory, M.P.T., Koganei-shi, 184-8795 Japan
The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
B, Vol. J83-B, No. 12, December 2000, pp. 1739-1746.
Abstract: Biconical antennas are commonly used for radiated EMI measurements in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz. Therefore, antenna calibration is theoretically investigated for biconical antennas by using the moment method. It is found that at frequencies below 70 MHz, adverse effects on the calibration are mainly caused by strong mutual coupling between transmit antenna and a reference dipole antenna. On the other hand, at higher frequencies, abrupt changes in the electric field impinging on a biconical antenna produce serious errors in the antenna calibration. Based on these error analyses, appropriate antenna separation distance is determined which is required for marking calibration of a biconical antenna with an accuracy of 0.1 dB. In addition, EMI measurement errors caused by the use of a biconical antenna are investigated assuming an EUT as a radiating point source. It is found that measurement results obtained with a biconical antenna agree well with those measured using a standard dipole antenna within about 1.0 dB. However, the differences in the results are greater in the vertical polarization measurement than in the horizontal polarization measurement, particularly in the case of 3m-antenna separation. Finally, it is found that the use of free-space antenna factors could reduce the differences in measurement results.
Index terms: EMI measurements, EMC, biconical antenna, antenna calibration. EMC