Selected Tutorials Note: All tutorials are to be held on September 20, 8:30 am - 12:00 Noon & 1:30 pm - 5:00 pm
* Fundamentals and Application Engineering of Electrochemical Capacitors, by John Miller * Advanced Thermal Management Materials for Energy Conversion, by Carl Zweben * Sensorless Drives with PM Synchronous Machines, by Joachim Holtz * Ocean Wave Energy: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Opportunities, by Ted Brekken and Annette von Jouanne September 20th – Afternoon Session * EMI Causes, Measurement, and Reduction Techniques for Switch-Mode Power Converters, by Michael J. Schutten * High power variable speed drives: Performance issues, application guide, and network studies, by Babak Badrzadeh * Application-based design of large PM machines and associated power conversion systems, by Daniel M. Saban and Raed Ahmad * Grid Converters for PV and WT Systems, by Pedro Rodriguez, Marco Liserre, Remus Teodorescu, and Rik de Doncker ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TUTORIAL ABSTRACTS Fundamentals and Application Engineering of Electrochemical Capacitors Abstract - This tutorial is targeted at technologists interested in advancing and/or exploiting electrochemical capacitor technology. The fundamentals part of the lecture covers the nature and significance of “electric double layer” and “pseudocapacitance” charge storage and compares and contrasts these charge storage mechanisms with traditional capacitor and battery technologies. Basic design rules for electrochemical capacitor components are covered including power/energy behavior. In addition, electrochemical capacitors will be compared and contrasted with the properties and performance of electrostatic and electrolytic capacitors, as well as with those of several battery technologies. The fundamentals part will conclude with the present status of electrochemical capacitor technology, available commercial and near-commercial products, manufacturers of these products, and projections of future performance levels. The application engineering part of the lecture provides a systems engineering perspective on the use of ultracapacitors in various industrial, utility or transportation installations. These are illustrated with case studies to expand on the materials presented.
Advanced Thermal Management Materials for Energy Conversion Abstract - This course, intended for all levels of engineers and scientists, covers the many advanced materials that are now commercially available and under development. Topics include material properties, manufacturing processes, applications, cost, lessons learned, and future directions, including carbon nanotubes. Traditional materials are included for reference.
Sensorless Drives with PM Synchronous Machines Abstract - Permanent magnet synchronous machines have the attractions of a compact design and high efficiency. Although primarily used for high precision motion control applications, sensorless control techniques have made these machines attractive for general purpose drives for cost reduction and increased reliability. Stable operation requires injecting the stator currents in a well defined relationship to the mechanical rotor position. Various methods have been developed for accurate rotor position estimation. Model based algorithms rely on the detection of the induced voltage. They work well if the rotor speed is high enough to generate a voltage of sufficient magnitude, but fail at lower speed and at standstill. The anisotropic properties of the machine must be then exploited to derive an accurate rotor position signal. Anisotropies are partly caused by the saliency of the rotor, and partly by magnetic saturation of the stator iron. The latter phenomenon is load dependent which requires compensation. These effects make the leakage inductances depend on the rotor position. Their spatial orientation is detected by high-frequency excitation of the stator winding. Competing methods for rotor position estimation are discussed and valued by their sensitivity to the dead-time effect, the nonlinear characteristics of the inverter, and the machine parameters. Of particular importance is the detection of the initial rotor position and the magnet polarity before the drive is started. Such procedures must not generate electromagnetic torque as a side effect. The performance of sensorless PM machine drives will be documented by oscillograms and video clips.
Ocean Wave Energy: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Opportunities
EMI Causes, Measurement, and Reduction Techniques for Switch-Mode Power Converters Abstract - This seminar is intended as a comprehensive introduction for engineers wishing to obtain a fundamental understanding of EMI issues associated with switch-mode power converters, and experienced engineers desiring a detailed understanding of electromagnetic interference (EMI) causes and fixes for power converters. The seminar begins with an introduction to noise coupling mechanisms and their properties. The concept of impedance mismatch is presented as a basis for understanding filtering concepts. Differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) separation and filtering approaches are derived, and measurement and separation techniques presented. DM & CM measurement and EMI reduction techniques are presented for an experimental flyback converter. Converter layout techniques and principles are derived, and experimentally verified. The seminar provides an emphasis on how DM and CM currents are created in power converters, and layout and construction techniques to minimize the need for costly filtering. Several practical EMI reduction techniques and construction methods are provided throughout the presentation.
High power variable speed drives: Performance issues, application guide, and network studies Abstract - The principles of operation, performance issues, application guide, market status and power system studies required for high power variable speed drive systems is presented in this tutorial. The focus of the tutorial is on the Line Commutated Inverter (LCI) and Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) drives. The tutorial spans from entry level topics such as a survey of high power, power semiconductor devices, to intermediate level topics including drive configuration, high dv/dt stresses applied to VSI drives and drive control techniques, to in depth analysis of advanced topics including the factors influencing inter-harmonic levels in variable speed drives, and torsional vibration of the variable speed drives by harmonics and inter-harmonics. Several practical examples obtained from simulation studies carried out on power systems comprising variable speed drives are presented which discuss these issues. A comprehensive performance comparison of all practical drive configurations and power semiconductor devices is provided. The advantages and disadvantages of each configuration for different market sectors are highlighted.
Application-based design of large PM machines and associated power conversion systems Abstract - The tutorial will present design principles and system level topologies for multi-megawatt synchronous permanent-magnet (PM) machines including pipeline and subsea applications. The tutorial will be only as in-depth as time and breadth of content will allow: geared toward presentation of concepts rather than equation based derivation. Design principles for large PM machines will be addressed and trade-offs will be discussed with respect to rotor topology and magnetization pattern, optimization objectives, and winding configuration. Comparisons between induction and PM machines will be made for a few applications, especially where PM machines have an advantage. A novel motor/converter system topology will be described, which has advantages for high-power, high-speed applications, especially in the case of utilizing permanent magnet machines. The system utilizes a “space-shifted stator” configuration, with a modular converter topology.
Grid Converters for PV and WT Systems Abstract - Distributed Power Generation Systems (DPGS) based on Renewable Energy Sources (RES), like Photovoltaics (PV) and Wind Turbines (WT), have experienced a rapid development in the last years. This tutorial will offer a comprehensive review of converter structures and control structures for both PV and WT systems. After a review of converter topologies and control structures in low and medium power DPGS, the attention is focused on grid converters, their synchronization and their control. Current and voltage control techniques are covered with attention paid to microgrid operation, ancillary services and future functions. The design of the grid filter is considered as well as its influence on the control. Finally grid synchronization and monitoring in both single-phase and three-phase systems is reviewed as well as the advanced control methods able to cope with distorted grid or grid faults. There will be increased focus on the requirements stated in the grid codes for DGPS in terms of ride-through, grid support and power quality. This tutorial is intended to electrical and control engineers and researchers dealing with grid power converters and interested in go deeply into essential issues related to the integration of WT ant PV energy into electricity networks.
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